/ Christian sarcophagus in the Arles museum © Vincent FlachaireChristianity gradually took root in Provence's towns during antiquity. Communities are documented in the third century. The measures of toleration introduced in 313, generally associated with the Edict of Milan, helped it to spread. In late antiquity, bishops played an increasing part in civic life, while the Church's organisation drew partly on Roman administrative structures.
In Arles, a bishop named Marcianus is documented in 254. Tradition credits Saint Trophimus with founding this church. In the early fifth century, Saint-Victor in Marseille and Lérins became important centres of Provençal monasticism.
Many historical and legendary saints are venerated in Provence. One of the best-known traditions concerns the Holy Marys: Mary Magdalene, Mary Salome and Mary Jacobe are said to have left the Holy Land and landed near Les Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer in a boat without oars or sails. In Provençal stories, Lazarus, described as their companion, became Marseille's first bishop. These religious traditions should be distinguished from events established by historical evidence.
Sources and further reading: City of Arles: the first Christian communities.